Bioremediation of a Crude Oil Polluted Soil with the Spent Mushroom Compost of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Glomus mosseae using Amaranthus hybridus as a Test Plant. Salami, Abiodun Olusola, Elum, Ejiro Anslem and Salako, Yinka Abdulkadir. IJBLST (2017), 9(5):34-47
Title:
Bioremediation of a Crude Oil Polluted Soil with the Spent Mushroom Compost of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Glomus mosseae using Amaranthus hybridus as a Test Plant
Authors & Affiliation:
Salami, Abiodun Olusola1, Elum, Ejiro Anslem2 and Salako, Yinka Abdulkadir3
1,3 Department of Crop Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.
2 Institute of Ecology and Environmental studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.
Abstract:
The study determined the effect of spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Glomus mosseae on the growth of Amaranthus hybridus on crude oil polluted soil with a view to assessing the impact of these treatments on the degradation of crude oil in the soil. P. pulmonarius was cultured on potato dextrose agar in slant bottles while grain spawns were prepared using sorghum inoculated with mycelia from the slant preparations. Mushroom cultivation was done on pasteurized sawdust substrate and left to grow for six weeks. The substrate left after cultivation of the mushroom was then re-composted for six months in a dug compost pit and analyzed for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. Microbial load of the fresh and re-composted SMC and lacasse enzyme activity were determined. Experiment was laid in a complete randomized design using pots containing 3 kg soil with the various treatments; Glomus mosseae, spent mushroom compost and different levels of crude oil pollution one week after transplant of Amaranthus hybridus seedlings (0%, 2%, 3% and 4% v/w concentrations). Growth parameters were measured weekly, while the physical and chemical properties and Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of soil before and after planting were determined.NPK contents of fresh and re-composted SMC were: 2.76 g kg-1, 57.50 mg kg-1, 2.75 cmol kg-1 and 4.50 g kg-1, 62.50 mg kg-1, 2.70 cmol kg-1 respectively. Total fungi count and laccase enzyme activity in fresh and re-composted SMC were: 50,000, 250,000 spores/ml and 48.5 U/min, 62.8 U/min respectively. Total nitrogen ranged from 0.28 to 0.70 g kg-1, while potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium concentrations ranged from 0.07 to 0.77, 0.1 to 1.46, 1.93 to 4.63 and 3.3 to 8.5 cmol kg-1 respectively. Effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) of the soil after planting ranged from 7.08 to 13.79 cmol kg-1. Plant height, number of leaves and leaf area of plants grown on crude oil polluted soil inoculated with Glomus mosseae was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than other treatments. Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations ranged from 1.48 to 6.62, 0.04 to 0.17 and 1.76 to 3.64 mg kg-1 respectively. Crude oil reduction in 2 % and 3 % polluted soils was 96, 95 and 96.54, 82.50 % in sterilized and unsterilized soils containing mycorrhiza respectively. Crude oil reduction was lowest in polluted soils without amendments. This study concluded that Glomus mosseae and spent mushroom compost enhanced the bioremediation of crude oil polluted soils and the growth performance of Amaranthus hybridus.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Spent mushroom compost, crude oil, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Glomus mosseae, Amaranthus hybridus